Singapore Airlines Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singapore Airlines Case - Essay Example The administration thought of a strategy of enlisting youngsters between the ages of 20 †25 who had finished secondary school level and had â€Å"O levels in English†. Youthful group strategy had a few points of interest. Youthful group who were enlisted was well on the way to portray some feeling of eagerness and perception in their work. What's more, they were fit genuinely to deal with the requesting work and to meet the intensive timetable. Besides, it was accepted that the greater part of the travelers delighted in being served and gone to by youthful and alluring people. Another ramifications of utilizing youthful team strategy was that it decreased the generous size of the candidate pool. This was on the grounds that youngsters had the chance of concentrating in the college or getting different sorts of instruction hence diminishing the quantity of attractive school leavers. The approach likewise gave chances to guaranteeing that the group stayed youthful by offering the five-year inexhaustible agreement to the team. This approach likewise offered a profession way and a chance of a lifetime work agreement to the stewards. The individuals who were selected were given six-week preparing before being considered as qualified operational group. The preparation secured such territories as close to home prepping, balance, uniform consideration and furthermore close to home direct. Commonsense exercises started by learning the names and reasons for all the accessible luxuries accessible on the aircraft board. Different exercises managed different kinds of administration product, glasses, dishes and other food serving things that may be utilized by the group. Enlisted people were likewise educated of names and systems for different beverages and many food things served by the SIA. The preparation additionally secured a few classes on the best way to deal with crises and episodes ready. The exhibition of the group was officially assessed through staff interviews and furthermore dependent on remarks from the travelers. The presentation report depended on three evaluations. First, flight stewards were assessed by senior flight stewards and attendants chipping away at a similar flight.

Fredrick The Great Essays - House Of Hohenzollern,

Fredrick The Great For what reason did Prussia need Frederick the incredible? Before Frederick assumed responsibility Prussia was not a nation. It was broken into independent domains. France and England had gotten exceptionally ground-breaking during the 1600s and Prussia felt jeopardized. Fredericks father Frederick the I was the balloter of Prussia. At the point when Frederick came to control his objective was to make Prussia a nation. He accepted that great government was sane yet in addition dictator. Frederick was the principal present day coordinator. He put the greater part of the countrys riches introduction the military. He accepted that the way in to a countrys riches was through its military. 80% of Prussias pay went to the military. Prussia chose individuals for the military through the draft. In the long run Frederick passed on and left the realm to his child. Frederick the extraordinary was left with a 72,000 man military. This was a lot of individuals for such a little nation. Prussia just had 2,000,000 individuals. Frederick the extraordinary accepted that the possibility of Prussian buacracy was that in the event that you pay individuals well you would get steadfastness. Frederick considered government to be an agreement with his kin. Frederick was an exceptionally illuminated ruler. He accepted that God had not picked him to be Prussias ruler. This was stunning on the grounds that in Fredericks time lords were believed to be browsed God. Frederick was illuminated in three different ways. He didnt permit government authorities to take cash. He didnt permit his subjects to be tormented. At long last, he had strict toleration. Frederick found that the time had come to extend Prussia into an extraordinary country so he led a progression of wars. These wars were known as the Silesian Wars. Frederick began these wars for three reasons. The main explanation was to show the remainder of Europe how incredible Prussia was. The subsequent explanation was Frederick had an aspiration to grow Prussia. The last explanation was that silesia had more than 1,000,000 individuals. This was a large portion of the size of his country. More individuals implied more cash for his military. For what reason did Prussia need Frederick the Great? Prussia required somebody that battles for the individuals. Prussia required somebody who thought about his subjects. Prussia every one of the a since quite a while ago, had the ability to turn into an extraordinary country. It simply required somebody to give them a launch. Frederick was this individual. Frederick put himself regarding his matters level. This was progressive thought. I leave you with a statement from Frederick to summarize everything. Frederick stated, I am the main worker of the state. History Essays

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers

50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers 50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers By Mark Nichol Numerous colloquialisms alluding to human conduct depend on analogies to parts of the body, particularly arms, hands, and fingers. Here are clarifications of huge numbers of the most widely recognized articulations. 1. â€Å"All hands on deck,† from nautical wording, implies that a condition requires everyone’s participation or consideration. 2. One who is embarrassingly clumsy will be cumbersome (as though one had thumbs instead of fingers and is thusly not skillful). 3. To have something close by is to have it available or close by. 4. To be connected at the hip is to be in close affiliation. 5. An underhanded commendation is one that unequivocally or verifiably criticizes the beneficiary. 6. To be in acceptable (or safe) hands is to be in a protected position. 7. To be close by is to be in participation or accessible in the event of need. 8. To betray the one who provides everything for you is to assault or reject somebody who has helped you. 9. â€Å"The fallen angel makes work for inert hands† implies that the individuals who need more to possess them are defenseless to gambling illegal conduct. 10. To state that somebody didn't or would not lift a finger is to censure the individual for neglecting to help. 11. â€Å"Elbow grease† alludes to impact that will empower something to happen that would some way or another be upset or slowed down. 12. Breathing room is space to be allowed to live the way one needs to or participate in exercises as one wishes. 13. To finger somebody is to recognize somebody, particularly a culprit of a wrongdoing or somebody who is at fault for accomplishing something incorrectly. 14. To encounter something from the outset hand (or firsthand) is to encounter it straightforwardly instead of to just get mindful of it through a delegate. 15. To drive someone’s hand is to move with the goal that somebody is constrained to act rashly or uncover their aims. 16. To give somebody a free hand is to permit that individual self-rule. 17. â€Å"Five-finger discount† is a code word for taking, particularly shoplifting. 18. To pick up the high ground is to get predominant or triumphant. 19. To get one’s fingers consumed is to encounter an excruciating exercise, regularly about issues, for example, trust in relational connections. 20. To get one’s hands filthy it to straightforwardly participate in a movement that may not be engaging, as opposed to leave it to other people, or to get associated with unlawful action. 21â€22. To give one’s right arm (to right-gave individuals, the more helpful one) or an exorbitant price is to offer a critical penance to acquire an ideal outcome. 23. To go submit glove intends to be in close understanding or in a cozy relationship. 24. To hand it to somebody is to recognize someone’s achievement. 25. To hand something to somebody on a plate or a platter intends to make something simple for somebody. 26. To hold tight by one’s fingernails is to scarcely figure out how to adapt to something. 27. To have a finger in each pie (or numerous pies) is to be engaged with numerous exercises or tasks 28. To have one’s finger on the beat of something is to be intensely mindful of its condition or status. 29. To have one’s hands full it to be occupied or too occupied to even consider taking on different exercises. 30. Something finished with an overwhelming hand is done unnecessarily as well as abusively. 31. A reference to an iron clench hand (or iron turn in) a kid glove is to tyrant conduct covered behind an exterior of generosity. 32. To keep somebody at arm’s length is to keep up passionate or potentially physical good ways from somebody who is a terrible impact or may some way or another reason hurt. 33. To keep one’s fingers crossed is to want for good karma. 34. To realize something like the rear of one’s hand is to be personally or completely acquainted with it. 35. At the point when the left hand doesn’t comprehend what the correct hand is doing, one element related with another is uninformed of the second entity’s activities or aims. 36. To assist intends to help. 37. To live from hand to mouth is to live on a resource level, with no pad of solace. 38. When something turns crazy, it is wild. 39. The long arm of the law is the impact of law implementation, which can be more sweeping in time or space than one anticipates. 40. â€Å"On the other hand† implies â€Å"alternatively.† 41. To exaggerate one’s hand is to be presumptuous. 42. To give way to someone’s schemes is to take part in movement or conduct that makes one defenseless against another person’s control. 43. A display of support is a strict or allegorical evaluation or vote to decide support for or resistance to an expected game-plan or understanding or conflict with an assessment. 44. To stand out in contrast to everything else is to be prominent. 45. To go rogue is to look for equity or revenge as opposed to acquiring help through law requirement or legitimate methods. 46. â€Å"Thumbs up† alludes to the signal of endorsement. 47. To be under someone’s thumb is to be dependent upon somebody else’s impact. 48. To be set up to brawl is to be angry or upset about a wrong done to oneself or potentially others. 49. To wash one’s hands of something is to conclude that one no longer needs to be viewed as answerable for an activity or arrangement that one doesn't have power over. 50. To work so hard is recommend that one’s fingers have been deprived of tissue from the effort. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Gratitude or Gratefulness?What Is a Doctor?

Face To Face Interview Its Advantages And Disadvantages - 2200 Words

Face To Face Interview: Its Advantages And Disadvantages (Essay Sample) Content: NameCourseInstitution Date Table of contentsIntroduction3Advantages.3Disadvantages.4Recommendations..5Conclusion..6Work cited...7Introduction The face to face interview method is a survey and a data collection method where two parties are involved the interviewer and particular target population. The interviewer directly communicates with the respondent in accordance to the prepared questionnaire. By use of this method, factual information is collected attitude, consumer evaluation as well as other information presented during the conversation. This data collection method explores the responses of the people and also gathers some deeper information. The interviewer has to travels to the location where the respondent is and a standard script that is not deviated away from has to be used (Washington, 2004). Advantages This data collection method has inaccurate screenings whereby some false information is never hidden from the interviewer no matter what, the information is like the gender or even race which is just visible just from the outside look, you can distinguish a male and a female through looks and even the dressing mode. The color which most likely defines the origin is also visible and cannot be hidden from the interviewers eyes. Unlike in other survey methods like the mobile and the online surveys it is just possible to get away with the screenings questions as there is no one who is near to confirm this. Individuals may enter the wrong data so that they can complete the survey and the systems cannot detect this. The answers that individuals provide may be truthful, but when it comes to the data analysis, it gets inaccurate and misleading as the correct details are not input (Bernard, 2006). The verbal and the non-verbal cues are captured in the face to face interview which includes the language. From the clues, one can detect any discomfort ability level the respondent from the posed question. There is also the indication of the enth usiasm level of the topic in the discussion. This data collection method is helpful especially in the employee job interview the way an interviewee responds and even behaves keenly looked at so as to know the most confident and the one that is most relevant to the task., The nonverbal clues help out in picking the suitable candidate for the job as this is part of the skill that is required to tackle most jobs. The one who is confident enough and knows the relevant answers to give without many struggles qualifies to leave the Job to the one who looks a little bit non-familiar with things. Capturing of the nonverbal cues is not possible for the online and also phone interviews and for this to choose qualified job personnel other methods can never be suitable (Frommhold, 2004). In the face interview, the respondent always keeps focusing through the help of the interviewer who is all along on the track of completion. For this, the respondent has to be attentive as the questions are pos ed each after another and have to carefully listen to avoid missing the point and asking for a repletion of the question each and every time. Although the other types of surveys are often completed during the convenient time there are other distractions that come by like; texting of friends, reading of articles, web surfing, social sharing, video streaming, reading and answering of emails, playing games and even more. Which may slow down the interview process a little bit or even bring about a little confusion as multi-communicating at times is very difficult. For the face to face interviews, they are just free from any technological distractions (Gillham, 2000). In the face to face interview the behavior caption is observed; where the facial expression the respondent is wearing, the behaviors and even emotions are just visible. When the respondent is happy one can tell from the jovial face appearance and even by the way he starts by answering the questions. When they are angr y s and even upset some get dull, others extra serious with the discussed issues while some of them have the courage to quit literally. When they get disappointed, it can still be told through the facial expression plus the responses they give. The way they also present themselves like through the use of body language and even the posture also tell more about the interviewee. In the online and the phone surveys, the capture of the raw emotions can never be there as the respondent does it from the other side away from the interviewee (Koneru, 2008). Better, and a quality response is observed when the respondent is always aware of the interview schedule, where he gives interest and answer the questions placed before him. Unlike in other methods like surveys and emails where respondents are found unawares by the interview, and so he opts just to answer what whatever they are asked to narrowly to finish up the task and sometimes they are even reluctant to. Products are shown and even demonstrated to the respondent before recording the response so as to the required information is collected unlike in the other method where this is not applicable as the respondent does not have the privilege to be shown due to barriers like the distance. Length questions, as well as Personal questions, are asked although very tactfully during the interview so as to collect more information unlike the other data collection methods, like through the phone it is getting hard to ask personal questions even if it tactfully. The non-verbal responses are usually visible on the face to face interviews, where the body movement, the voice modulation and even gestures which can be noted in the interview sheet. For the other methods, this is not applicable, and a lot of important data may be missed out as most people use actions when talking and also when they are in a position that they can fully explain things. The interview and the interviewee develop a relationship in the course of the i nterview, and this increases mutual understanding and cooperation between the two parties.Disadvantages This survey method is used to get answers from the respondent as well as observe the group or the individuals behavior. The method is the most proffered by the researchers for a couple of reasons although there are valuables that affect the quality of data that is obtained. Like the response rate. It is quite difficult for most people to shut the door or even hang up in the face of a live person they interviewed may decide to lie just to avoid embarrassments or even do away with the asked question so as much more is not gathered from there. It is also an expensive way of collecting data, with the large benefits it has then it means that the researchers have to incur some cost for the whole operation as they must hire, train and even get to monitor the interviewer. The researcher must also pay the cost of travel to where the interview is being conducted and at times back again. Th is can end up costing twice or even thrice the cost of other survey methods. The cost that is associated with it is usually an increased burden on the researcher where he has to ensure that interviewers bias is not introduced during data collection unintentionally either by words or actions that influence a respondent to answer in a particular way. While it is a concern in other data collection methods, the face to face surveys method has more problems as the interviewer has to be exposed to the respondent environment, his appearance and even the voice with all this acting as a potential biasing effect. The interview at times gives the respondent both the verbal and the non-verbal clues on how he is supposed to respond (Hague, Hague Morgan, 2004). The interviewing skill does not come to all people as some standardized interview violated some normative rules which help in efficient conversation this is seen when an interviewee paraphrases they question that is supposed to be asked i nstead of reading it as it is. The small word change usually has a potential of influencing the outcome. Interviews also have to ask questions where the respondent is ready to answer. To reduce any bias as well as avoid the interviews effect due to data collection inconsistency the researcher has to typically make large investments by providing the interviewers with the required training and also practice (Watzlawik Born, 2007). The researcher experiences budgetary constraints to a point, and this may limit them to just some geographical areas so as to try to cut down the high cost that is incurred. Funding such projec...

Organization And Management Organization - 1742 Words

Organisation and Management [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name] Organisation and Management 1. 1.1 The concept of â€Å"leadership by example† means to have a leader who does the exact thing that he is asking his employees to do. For instance, if a manager is asking his employees to leave by 5 pm for the day, then the manager should himself leave by 5 pm as well. If he stays back to get more work done, he would eventually make his employees feel guilty which might result in them staying late as well.The whole concept of the rule is destroyed. When leaders lead by example, it also puts a positive impact on the culture of the organisation in an ethical sense. The employees feel that the leaders value their opinion which results in them working more efficiently for the organisation as well as providing good results. When leaders lead by example which is doing the same thing that they are asking their employees to do, it results in the organisational culture being healthy and friendlier for everyone. 1.2 The code of ethics is basically a set of ethical benchmark for the investment professionals that are related to the job designation, difference of culture, and the laws. The idea behind having code of ethics in an organisation is to understand that the management is taking care of the customers and placing their need above the management’s wants (Krier, et.al, 2014). The management is also working with the right kind of integrity, competence, and respect. Lastly, theShow MoreRelatedOrganization And Management Theories Of Organizations1422 Words   |  6 PagesOrganization and Management Theories Organizations are a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet or pursue collective goals. All organizations have management structures that determine the direction of the organization. The importance of an organization in society is substantial and understated as an organization can improvise, test, experiment and invent new strategies and approaches. Therefore, with an organization being such a prominent factor in society the study of formalRead MoreOrganization Change Management : Organization1065 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisation Change Management BMO6624 Assignment 2 Literature Review Name: Ranjeeta Student ID: UNIT Coordinator and Lecturer: Dr. Shahnaz Naughton Introduction In modern organizations they always have to keep very close eyes on what coming next. In order to retain their position and sustain the market they always have to keep making changes in their organisational structure to meet the demands for their stakeholders. 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Their key role is primarily important as a leader because they are the models of influence that most subordinates will look to any time there is a change, or if there is any fear involved that needs to be addressed in that transitional process. There are different roles and responsibilities that the manager has to ad dress so that the staff of the organization can handle, plan, implementRead MoreOrganization and Management Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational and management analysis are an essential part of organizational environment. In the modern world, working environment characteristics are team work, delegation, information technology interfaces, which have an impact on the effectiveness of organization and management. This helps in cost reduction, decrease in environmental waste, improved employee satisfaction and an increase in overall productivity. To have an organizational and management analysis review of organizational charts

Essay on Personal Experience Sunday Worship - 1900 Words

I entered into the worship service, unaware of what to expect. I was not familiar with this church, it was a non-denominational church, but the pastor had his roots in the A.M.E. Zion Church and branched out to establish his own church. I walked into the sanctuary prepared to participate in the Sunday School. I found a seat and readied myself to engage in some meaningful discussion. After sitting for several minutes, I asked one of the gentlemen who was standing at the front of the church if they had already started and where was the lesson coming from. He looked at his watch and indicated that he didn’t know if we had time for Sunday School. A puzzled look came over my face and I couldn’t help but express my confusion as I looked at†¦show more content†¦Far too often, in this emerging new culture, we want to treat God as friend, and not as creator and sustainer. Humans are flawed fleshly beings, therefore whenever in the true presence of God a transform ation from old to new should occur. We should feel so convicted about our transgressions until we have an earnest desire to change. The flesh dies and slowly loses control of our lives, leaving the Holy Spirit to freely dwell. Ironically enough the next topic he mentioned was praise. He talked about a song which was sung by the choir â€Å"Praise is what we do† and he couldn’t understand the relevance behind these words. Once again, I slowly raised my hand and injected that praise is what we do, worship transcends beyond these parameters as an act of honoring and revering God. Worship is the entire church experience. Before I could elaborate further, he quickly indicated it was time to close out and we didn’t have time for further discussion. This Sunday School experience demonstrated the necessity for us to educate those persons who uphold leadership positions in the Church. 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The Catholic Church has many practices and rituals such as Last Rites, praying the Rosary, receiving Communion, Confession, Baptism, and Mass according to the members of this church. Nonetheless, the Mass is the most crucial ritual as they consider it as the Lord`s Supper. The Mass is the Catholic`s official formal worship service and is considered to be the most sacred and important worship act in a Catholic church. According toRead MoreWorship Wars On Sunday Morni ng : Traditional Vs. Contemporary1726 Words   |  7 Pages WORSHIP WARS ON SUNDAY MORNING: TRADITIONAL VS CONTEMPORARY PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE A PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. BETTY W. HOLLEY IN PARTIAL COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CM 301B SENIOR SEMINAR II BY MICHELLE FRAYER WILBERFORCE, OHIO JANUARY 27, 2015 Thesis Statement: Orderly worship services unite us in the Body of Christ. PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE One of the most controversial issues in African Methodist Episcopalian congregations today are styles of worship. 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Business Law Of Lorraine Smith Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Law Of Lorraine Smith. Answer: Facts The brief facts establish that Lorraine Smith was working as a senior marine biologist in the maritime research division of the CSIRO and was involved in the whale programme. She became a consultant in Warrnambool after resigning from CSIRO. Lately, she sustains injuries while checking a pod of Southern Wright whales. Key issue The Key issue that is mainly raised is: Can Lorraine Smith is legally eligible to bring a case under the law of negligence against CSIRO? In order to prove negligence on the part of CSIRO, Lorraine Smith has to prove some basic fundamentals of negligence. Parties The parties in the given context are Lorraine Smith and CSIRO. The duty of care on CSIRO can be determined after analyzing wether Lorraine is the employee or independent contractor of CSIRO. As per Hollis v Vabu[1], an employer is liable for the tortoise act of an employee and of an independent contractor. It was held that if any person is working with the workers of the defendant or with their instruments etc then they are working for the defendants. In the given case, Lorraine Smith has continued to do quite a bit of work with CSIRO; She would work 3 days a week on the Whale program; she writes reports for Dr Renae Slater who also directs her as to where she works when she is performing tasks for the CSIRO; The CSIRO pay her an hourly rate and A lot of her work involves scuba diving and CSIRO provide this equipment for her. Thus, she must be considered as an employee of CSIRO. It is now important to understand whether CSIRO owns a duty of care against Lorraine. Duty of care Negligence mainly aims to bring justice to the plaintiff who suffers damages because of the wrongful actions of the defendant. A defendant is considered to be under legal duty to avoid acts that may cause harm to the plaintiff and if this legal duty is violated, then, the defendant suffers consequences under the law of negligence.[2] In order to prove negligence on the part of CSIRO, it is necessary to prove that there is a duty of care on the part of CSIRO which was violated and which is the main reason because of which damages are caused to Lorraine Smith. A duty of care can only be imposed upon CSIRO if it can be proved that Lorraine Smith is its neighbour and that that there is presence of reasonable forseeability on the part of CSIRO. As per Donoghue v Stevenson[3], a plaintiff is called the neighbour of the defendant when the acts or omission of the defendant falls directly upon the plaintiff. There must be close connectivity amid the two and there should be presence of proximity amid the parties and is held in Cook v Cook[4].[5] Section 48-49 of Wrongs Act 1958 also deals with the concept of duty of care and is rightly held in Stevens v BrodribbSawmilling Company Pty Ltd[6] that even if the defendant and plaintiff are not in an employment relationship, but if the plaintiff is working for the defendant then there is a relationship of proximity amid the two[7]. As per Donoghue v Stevenson, it is the duty of every employer that adequate care must be provided to its employee because they share a relationship of proximity amongst them. It is submitted that the acts of the defendant will fall directly upon the plaintiff as they are in close connection with each other. Lorraine is acting as an employee if CSIRO and thus CSIRO must provide care to Lorraine. Also, Lorraine actions are guided by Dr Renae Slater who in turn is working for CSIRO. Thus, CSIRO and Lorraine Smith shares relationship of proximity even though she has her own lap-top or she provides her own clothes or CSIRO do not provide any superannuation or other employee benefits. Also, as per McLoughlin v O'Brian[8], Lorraine Smith must also be reasonable foreseeable by CSIORO in order to impose duty of care. It is submitted that there were employees of CSIRO who were accompanying Lorraine Smith when the incident took place. Thus, CSIRO can reasonably foresee Lorraine Smith and thus CSIORO owns a duty of care against Lorraine Smith. Breach of duty of care As per section 48 of the Wrongs Act 1958, a duty is considered to be violated considering various factors, such as, Probability of injury, Severity of injury, Utility- social good , Practicability of taking alternative measures, cost, convenience etc. Once the duty of care is imposed upon the defendant then he must comply with the same and if the level of care that fall short of the expectations then there is breach of duty of care and is rightly held in Paris v Stepney Borough Council[9], wherein the defendant when does not provide the goggles to his employee knowing the facts that he is blind from one eye results in breach of duty of care because the care that is expected from the defendant was not met.[10] The duty of care that is imposed upon CSIRO is not catered by the organisation, mainly because Lorraine was diving with CSIRO employees and they were in a CSIRO boat. Whilst descending to about thirty feet she experienced troubles with her breathing. It appears that she had a faulty air-line, showing signs of perishing and excessive wear and tear. Simon Banks (CSIRO's maintenance officer) did not pick the defect. Thus, the level of care that is expected from CSIRO and its staff was not met resulting in breach of duty of care on the part of CSIRO. Damages Damages requires causation and remoteness of damages. The concept of causation is established under section 51-52 of Wrongs Act 1958. In negligence the damages are said to be incurred when the same are because of the negligent act of the defendant and there is no indirect cause of the damages. Thus as per McWilliams v Sir William Company Ltd Arrol Limited[11], there must be presence of causation. The but for test is applied which proves damages on the part of the defendant. Also, the damages which are caused to the plaintiff must be reasonable foreseeable by the defendant and is held in Overseas Tankship(UK) Ltdv Morts Dock Engineering Company[12]. Now, in order to prove negligence on the part of CSUIRO it is also necessary that Lorraine Smith must have sustain injuries and is held in Chapman v Hearse [13] . It is submitted that because of the faulty pipeline, Lorraine Smith had to ascend to the boat quicker and as a result she suffered 'bends" and needed to be hospitalized over the weekend and was not going to be able to dive for at least two months resulting in considerable loss of income. Thus, damage is caused to Lorraine Smith which is reasonably foreseeable by CSIRO and the loss caused is because of the breach of duty of care on the part of CSIRO. Thus, the legal position of Lorraine Smith at this stage is that she is rightful in bringing a claim under the law of negligence against CSIRO. Defense Section 53-56 of the Act 1958 lays down defense that can be availed by every defendant. It is submitted that when the defendant is able to prove that the loss that is caused to the plaintiff is not because of the negligent actions of the defendant but the loss is caused mainly because the plaintiff has assumed the damager voluntarily and thus the defendant is not held liable for the damages sustained by the plaintiff and is held in Smith v Baker[14]. Thus, CSIRO can prove that Lorraine Smith is an independent Marine Consultancy and this can be proved from the fact that she has a 4 wheel drive which has LS Marine Consultancy badges on the vehicle for promotional purposes. Thus, the actions that are taken by her is independent in nature and thus the risk that is caused to her is assumed by her voluntarily. So even though CSIRO is negligent in its action but the main reason for the cause of damages that are sustained by Lorraine Smith is that she voluntarily assumed the risk by diving in the waters. Thus, I would like to advise that Lorraine Smith has a strong position to bring a case under the law of negligence against CSIRO as the duty of care that is imposed upon CSIRO is not by it resulting in damages caused to Lorraine Smith. But, Lorraine Smith must prove that the damage that is caused to her is not assumed by her voluntarily in order to avoid the deafens if volenti non fit injuria. Bibliography Books/Articles/Journals Khan, Malcolm, Robson, Michelle, Clinical Negligence (Routledge,21-Aug-2012) L'Estrange, PROXIMITY AND THE STANDARD OF CARE COOK v. COOK, 1987. Lambiris, Michael,Griffin, Laura , First Principles of Business Law, (Oxford University Press,08-Feb-2017) Legislation TheWrongs Act 1958(Vic) Case law Chapman v Hearse [1951] 1 All ER 42 Cook v.Cook (1951) [830 SCR. Bottom of Form Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) 562 AC. Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd(2001) 207 CLR 21. McLoughlin v O'Brian (1983) 1 AC 410. McWilliams v Sir William Company Ltd Arrol Limited [1962] 1 WLR 295. Overseas Tankship(UK) Ltdv Morts Dock Engineering Company (1961). Paris v Stepney Borough Council (1950) 367 AC Stevens v Brodribb SawmillingCompany Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR. Smith v Baker Sons [1891] AC 325